Pd, Ru, Co, Ni, and Fe, etc…) are initially incorporated into the B-site of perovskite oxides, and then exsolved as metallic particles from the perovskite support under reducing atmosphere 14, 15. In this approach, catalytically-active metal elements (e.g. Exsolution phenomenon on the basis of in-situ growth of metal particles has been suggested as an advanced approach to designing perovskite matrix with electro-catalytically active particles 12, 13. In this respect, it is of great importance to develop more robust and time-efficient catalyst preparation method. However, these techniques require redundant heat-treatments for preparation and the catalyst particles suffer from agglomeration and/or coarsening over time, resulting in performance degradation 10, 11. infiltration, chemical vapor deposition, and pulsed laser deposition), in which the catalysts are embedded onto the surface from external precursors 7, 8, 9.
The catalyst particles are typically prepared by deposition techniques (e.g. Tailoring the functionality of perovskite oxides (ABO 3) by decorating the surface with catalytically active particles plays an important role in energy-related applications such as fuel cells, electrolysis cells, metal-air batteries, and supercapacitors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The exsolved nano-Fe metal particles exhibit high particle density and are well-distributed on the perovskite surface, showing great catalytic activity in fuel cell and syngas production. Among the Pr 0.5Ba 0.5- xSr xFeO 3- δ, (Pr 0.5Ba 0.2Sr 0.3) 2FeO 4+ δ – Fe metal demonstrates the smallest size of exsolved Fe metal particles when the phase reconstruction occurs under reducing condition. Furthermore, using in-situ temperature & environment-controlled X-ray diffraction measurements, we report the phase diagram and optimum ‘ x’ range required for the complete phase reconstruction to R-P perovskite in Pr 0.5Ba 0.5- xSr xFeO 3- δ system.
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Herein, we propose the Gibbs free energy for oxygen vacancy formation in Pr 0.5(Ba/Sr) 0.5TO 3- δ (T = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) as the important factor in determining the type of phase reconstruction. However, a comprehensive understanding of key parameters affecting the phase reconstruction to R-P perovskite is still unexplored.
To significantly increase the amount of exsolved particles, the complete phase reconstruction from simple perovskite to Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) perovskite is greatly desirable.